内容摘要：Kameron Misner put Tampa Bay on the board with a solo homer in the second inning. In the sixth inning, Yandy Diaz scored on a wild pitch by the Rangers’ Jacob Latz. Jonathan Aranda scored on an infield single by Jake Mangum before Junior Caminero stole home when Misner struck out looking.

Kameron Misner put Tampa Bay on the board with a solo homer in the second inning. In the sixth inning, Yandy Diaz scored on a wild pitch by the Rangers’ Jacob Latz. Jonathan Aranda scored on an infield single by Jake Mangum before Junior Caminero stole home when Misner struck out looking.

MAVEN’s orbit also helped. To measure sputtering, the spacecraft had to observe both the incoming ions and the escaping argon. It also needed to collect data across all times of day—both the sunlit side and the dark side of Mars. That took years of patient orbiting and careful data gathering.With this data, scientists made a new type of map. It showed where solar wind electric fields pointed into the planet, a configuration known as the “−E hemisphere.” In those zones, heavy ions are driven downward and are likely to trigger sputtering. At the same time, the data revealed high concentrations of argon at altitudes above 360 kilometers—exactly where models predicted sputtering would dominate.

Even more surprising, the rate of argon escape was over four times higher than expected. During a, that rate jumped even further. This gave researchers a glimpse into what the Martian atmosphere might have faced billions of years ago, when solar storms were more intense and common.To confirm what they were seeing, scientists ran advanced simulations. These included a hybrid plasma model called LatHyS and an exospheric model known as EGM. These tools allowed them to model how ions moved through Mars’ upper atmosphere, how they precipitated downward, and what neutral particles were ejected as a result.

In these simulations, the researchers separated the argon into three groups: a thermal component close to the surface, a photochemical component from dissociative recombination, and the sputtered component that comes from ion collisions. The sputtered argon was dominant only at very high altitudes and mostly on the nightside of the planet. This matched MAVEN’s real-world data perfectly.By removing variables like local time and

, scientists could isolate the true sputtering signal. The match between the data and the models was the final proof.

“These results establish sputtering’s role in the loss of Mars’ atmosphere and in determining the history of water on Mars,” said Curry.Tim Keiderling and Esther Keiderling, both of Ulster Park, New York, set out to hike the summit on Sunday, according to the Maine Department of Inland Fisheries & Wildlife.

They were last seen Sunday morning on the Katahdin Tablelands heading toward the summit, which is the northern terminus of the Appalachian Trail and located in Baxter State Park.Baxter State Park rangers began searching for them Monday morning after their vehicle was still found parked at the trailhead in the day-use parking lot, park officials said.

The search on Katahdin expanded Tuesday to include the help of more than 30 Maine game wardens, including the Maine Warden Service Search and Rescue team, and the Maine Warden Service K9 team. The Maine Forest Service and the Maine Army National Guard also responded as part of an aerial search.The body of Tim Keiderling, 58, was found Tuesday afternoon, officials said. A Maine Warden Service K9 search team located him at approximately 2:24 p.m. on the Tablelands near the summit of Katahdin, the Maine Department of Inland Fisheries & Wildlife said.